Reactor and vessel cooling is a control problem as much as a heat transfer one. Exothermic reactions release heat on their own schedule, and the cooling system has to keep up with the peak rather than the average.
Jacket or immersion. A Temp-Plate jacket keeps the heat transfer surface out of the process, which suits corrosive or product-critical contents. An immersion assembly puts surface inside and transfers more per square foot but has to be compatible with the contents.
Medium temperature and film effects. Very cold medium against a wall can cause the process fluid to freeze or crystallise onto the surface, which then insulates. Controlling medium temperature rather than simply making it as cold as possible is often the better strategy.
Turndown. The same vessel may need heating for one part of the cycle and cooling for another. Designing for both, and for the transition, avoids fitting two systems where one would do.
Against the peak heat release rather than the average, together with the medium temperature available and the vessel geometry. Tell us the reaction profile if you have it, because peak and average can differ enormously.
Outside where the contents are corrosive or product-critical and inside where more surface is needed than the wall can provide. Immersion transfers more per square foot; a jacket keeps the surface out of the process.
Yes. Product can freeze or crystallise onto a very cold wall, which insulates and reduces cooling further. Controlling medium temperature is frequently better than simply making it as cold as possible.
Often, by switching the medium circulating through the same jacket. Design for both duties and the transition between them, and one system usually serves.
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